Sunday, 17 March 2013

X-ray findings of emphysema


What are the x-ray findings of emphysema?
  • Lungs are large and hyperinflated.
  • Signs of hyperinflation are:
    • Low set diaphragm
    • Flat diaphragm best determined by lateral chest
    • Hyperlucent lung fields
    • Increased AP diameter
    • Increased retrosternal air
    • Vertical heart
  • Signs of hyperinflation can be seen in emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
  • We can call it emphysema only when hyperinflation is associated with blebs and paucity of vascular markings in the outer third of the film.



  • Lateral chest is best to evaluate flattening of diaphragm, AP diameter and retrosternal air.
    This lateral chest shows:
    • Increased AP diameter
    • Low set flat diaphragms
    • Hyperlucent lung fields
    • Increased retrosternal air encroaching on heart density
    • Multiple blebs: Avascular zones surrounded by thin wall

8 comments:

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