Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) patients commonly have a primum ASD > Secundum ASD.
Isotretinoin (retinoic acid) is very teratogenic with many exposed fetuses developing congenital heart defects. The most common defects are conotruncal and great artery abnormalities, such as transposition of the great arteries and TOF.
VACTERL association:
Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects(VSD), Tracheoesophageal fistula and/or Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies and Limb defects.
CHARGE syndrome
The letters stand for: coloboma of the eye, heart defects(MC, TOF), atresia of the nasal choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness.
Most common cardiac malformation:
It is Bisuspid valve in adults, and VSD in children. It is septal hypertrophy in the newborn.
OVALE physiologically closes soon after birth and anatomically by 3 months.
DUCTUS physiologically closes by 10 -15 hrs after birth and anatomically by 2- 3 wks.
Isotretinoin (retinoic acid) is very teratogenic with many exposed fetuses developing congenital heart defects. The most common defects are conotruncal and great artery abnormalities, such as transposition of the great arteries and TOF.
VACTERL association:
Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects(VSD), Tracheoesophageal fistula and/or Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies and Limb defects.
CHARGE syndrome
The letters stand for: coloboma of the eye, heart defects(MC, TOF), atresia of the nasal choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness.
Most common cardiac malformation:
It is Bisuspid valve in adults, and VSD in children. It is septal hypertrophy in the newborn.
OVALE physiologically closes soon after birth and anatomically by 3 months.
DUCTUS physiologically closes by 10 -15 hrs after birth and anatomically by 2- 3 wks.
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